Ephedra loss supplement weight
Participants were counseled to eat a normal diet except for limiting dietary fat to 30% of calories and to exercise moderately. However, the authors noted that when they considered only rigorously designed trials, the effect was no longer statistically significant. Safety: The adverse effects of chitosan are minor and primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract. Safety: The safety of fucoxanthin has not been thoroughly evaluated in humans. Research findings: Possible modest effect on body weight and body fat. Catechins combined with caffeine also significantly increase fat oxidation, but caffeine alone does not. Women receiving Garcinia cambogia lost significantly more weight (3. Supplement manufacturers are responsible for determining that their products are safe and their label claims are truthful and not misleading. Efficacy: Only one human clinical trial has been conducted on the possible weight-loss effects of fucoxanthin. 1 kg compared to 0. No studies have assessed their long-term effects (greater than 6 months). This effect might be important for maintaining weight loss by helping to counteract the decrease in metabolic rate that can occur during weight loss. Caffeine is a methylxanthine that stimulates the central nervous system, heart, and skeletal muscles. In the 1990s, ephedra—frequently combined with caffeine—was a popular ingredient in dietary supplements sold for weight loss and enhanced athletic performance. First, high calcium intakes might reduce calcium concentrations in fat cells by decreasing the production of parathyroid hormone and the active form of vitamin D. 5 kg in the placebo group. The Chinese botanical ephedra, or ma-huang, is sold as a dietary supplement in the United States. Research findings: No effect on energy intake or body weight based on results from one study. Cola (or kola) nut (see section on caffeine above). Green tea (Camellia sinensis) and green tea extract. High intakes of calcium can cause constipation and might interfere with the absorption of iron and zinc, although this effect is not well established. 14% compared with placebo (0. 6 kg) and had significantly greater body fat reduction. At the end of the study, supplementation with CLA as a free fatty acid and as a triacylglycerol significantly reduced body fat mass by a mean of 6. Green tea is present in some dietary supplements, frequently in the form of green tea extract. However, when the authors analyzed the six studies that were conducted outside of Japan (where study methodologies were less heterogeneous than in the Japanese studies), they found no statistically significant difference in weight loss for green tea compared to placebo. Table of Contents Introduction Regulation of Weight-Loss Dietary Supplements Common Ingredients in Weight-Loss Dietary Supplements Safety Considerations Choosing a Sensible Approach to Weight Loss References Disclaimer. Green coffee bean extract (Coffea aribica, Coffea canephora, Coffea robusta). Bitter orange is the common name for the botanical Citrus aurantium. 3 kg) than those in the placebo group (2. Research findings: Possible modest effect on body weight or decreased weight gain over time. Increases energy expenditure and lipolysis, acts as a mild appetite suppressant. For women, the corresponding mean difference in weight gain was 0. Reported adverse effects: Diarrhea, gas, bloating, and (possibly) decreased high-density lipoprotein levels. Hoodia gordonii is a succulent plant that grows in the Kalahari Desert of southern Africa. The authors concluded that guar gum is not effective for body weight reduction. However, the authors noted that the methodological quality of all trials is weak, preventing them from drawing firm conclusions. Department of Health and Human Services. Instead, caffeine, other stimulants in multi-component formulations, other constituents of bitter orange or adulterants, such as m-synephrine (which is not naturally present in bitter orange), might be responsible for its observed effects. The USP noted that problems are more likely to occur when green tea extract is taken on an empty stomach and therefore, advises taking green tea extracts with food to minimize the possible risk of liver damage. Caffeine can cause sleep disturbances and feelings of nervousness, jitteriness, and shakiness. 7 kg) than those receiving placebo (2. Participants in both groups lost weight, but the between-group weight-loss differences were not statistically significant. The authors noted that results from high-quality trials indicate that chitosan has minimal effects on body weight and these effects are probably clinically insignificant. Safety: Little is known about the long-term safety of glucomannan. They concluded that chitosan appears to be more effective than placebo for short-term weight loss, but most studies have been of poor quality. Interpreting the results of these studies is complicated by the fact that bitter orange is almost always combined with other ingredients in weight-loss supplements. At the end of the study, participants taking the herbal product lost a mean of 5. Few clinical trials, all of poor methodological quality. Significant safety concerns reported with tablet forms, which might cause esophageal obstructions, but few safety concerns with other forms. Chromium in its trivalent form (chromium III) is an essential trace mineral that potentiates the action of insulin. It also raises bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels (which may indicate impaired liver function), although the clinical significance of these findings is unclear because hoodia has not been reported to affect levels of other liver enzymes. 47 kg more than placebo), but they noted that the methodological quality of all studies included in the meta-analysis was poor. Safety: Trivalent chromium appears to be well tolerated. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a derivative of linoleic acid that is present mainly in dairy products and beef. Green coffee bean extract ( Coffea aribica, Coffea canephora, Coffea robusta ). Although some of these studies suggest that pyruvate decreases body weight and body fat, others do not. Therefore, the effect of HCA on body weight remains uncertain. Some dietary supplement products used for weight loss and to enhance athletic performance contain these alkaloids. The report was prepared by the Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center-RAND (RAND) under contract to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) of the U. S. 09 kg) at the end of the study. Chitosan had no significant effect on fecal fat excretion in the women compared to the control group. Only two studies in this meta-analysis examined the effects of green tea catechins alone. However, Garcinia cambogia did not alter appetite, and the study produced no evidence that the supplement affected feelings of satiety. Reported adverse effects: Headache, nausea, upper respiratory tract symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms. No safety concerns reported but not rigorously studied. 7%, respectively, compared with placebo. But because making diet and lifestyle changes can be difficult, many people turn to dietary supplements promoted for weight loss in the hope that these products will help them more easily achieve their weight-loss goals. However, many of the products with these effects contained multiple herbal ingredients, and the role of bitter orange in these adverse effects cannot be determined. Some safety concerns reported, increases heart rate and blood pressure. Guar gum is present in certain dietary supplements and is an ingredient in some food products, especially gluten-free baked goods, because it helps bind and thicken these products. This work was sponsored by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health, U. Six of the trials included resistance or weight training, and three did not. Forskolin is a compound isolated from the roots of Coleus forskohlii, a plant that grows in subtropical areas, such as India and Thailand. No safety concerns reported but not rigorously studied. Reported adverse effects: Headache, watery stools, constipation, weakness, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and urticaria (hives). In the placebo group, these measurements did not change significantly compared to baseline. In this study, forskolin did not affect body weight, but it did significantly decrease mean body fat by 4. Several short-term clinical trials of varying methodological quality. Other side effects include headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. The use of ephedrine, ephedrine plus caffeine, or dietary supplements containing ephedra and botanicals with caffeine is associated with a modest but statistically significant increase in weight loss over a relatively short time (less than or equal to 6 months). Research findings: Modest effect on short-term weight loss. Ephedra and Ephedrine Alkaloids for Weight Loss and Athletic Performance. Table 1 briefly summarizes the findings discussed in more detail in this fact sheet on the safety and efficacy of the most common ingredients of weight-loss dietary supplements. Calcium is an essential mineral that is stored in the bones and teeth, where it supports their structure and function. Research findings: Minimal effect on body weight and body fat. Stimulates central nervous system, increases thermogenesis and fat oxidation. Research findings: No effect on body weight, weight loss, or prevention of weight gain based on clinical trials. Reported adverse effects: Headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. 3 kg for those taking the placebo. Common ingredients include botanicals (herbs and other plant components), dietary fiber, and minerals. Like other dietary supplements, weight-loss supplements differ from over-the-counter or prescription medications in that the FDA does not classify them as drugs. Ephedrine is not approved in the United States as a drug for weight loss or to enhance athletic performance. No studies have assessed the effect of dietary supplements containing ephedra and botanicals on athletic performance. 6 g CLA isomers), CLA as a triacylglycerol (3. Overall, the results from clinical trials do not support a link between higher calcium intakes and lower body weight, prevention of weight gain, or weight loss. Compared with placebo, guar gum had no significant effect on weight loss. Supplementation with CLA as a free fatty acid (but not as a triacylglycerol) also increased lean body mass compared with placebo. 1 kg more than placebo, but the amount of weight loss did not correlate with the dose of chromium picolinate. Stimulates central nervous system, increases thermogenesis, reduces appetite. In some cases, purported benefits are based on limited theoretical data or animal and laboratory studies rather than human clinical trials. 35 kg less. Compared to placebo, forskolin had no effect on body weight, appetite, caloric intake, or macronutrient intake. The San people have traditionally used hoodia as an appetite suppressant during long hunts. Reported adverse effects: Headache, soft stools, flatulence, and constipation. Efficacy: Only a few studies have examined the effects of pyruvate supplementation in humans. Research findings: Possible minimal effect on body weight and body fat. Reported adverse effects (for green tea extract): Constipation, abdominal discomfort, nausea, increased blood pressure, liver damage.
Reported adverse effects: Anxiety, mood changes, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, palpitation, stroke, seizures, heart attack, and death. At the end of the study, participants taking the combination bitter orange product had a significantly greater reduction in percent body fat and fat mass and a greater increase in basal metabolic rate than those in the placebo and control groups. Reported adverse effects: Flatulence, bloating, constipation, indigestion, nausea, and heartburn. Because all clinical trials of Garcinia cambogia and HCA have been short, its long-term safety is unknown. The peak rise in resting metabolic rate at baseline was significantly higher in participants taking the herbal supplement than those in the placebo group, but the difference was not significant at the end of the 8-week study. Caution is therefore warranted when these forms of glucomannan are used. Results of controlled trials show that the use of synthetic ephedrine, ephedrine plus caffeine, or ephedra plus botanicals containing caffeine is associated with 2-3 times the risk of nausea, vomiting, psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and change in mood, autonomic hyperactivity, and palpitations compared with placebo. Combining caffeine with other stimulants, such as bitter orange and ephedrine, can potentiate these adverse effects. Participants received CLA as a free fatty acid (3. 43 kg less than those who decreased their caffeine consumption. The researchers concluded that green coffee extract has a moderate but significant effect on body weight (mean weight loss of 2. Increases energy expenditure and fat oxidation, reduces lipogenesis and fat absorption. Efficacy: Several human studies have examined the effects of green tea catechins on weight loss and weight maintenance. Manufacturers market these products with various claims, including that these products reduce macronutrient absorption, appetite, body fat, and weight and increase metabolism and thermogenesis. Compared to placebo, calcium supplementation for 2 years had no clinically significant effects on weight. Pyruvate is also available as a dietary supplement, frequently in the form of calcium pyruvate. At the end of the trial, the pyruvate group had significant decreases in body weight (mean loss of 1. Dosage information is provided when such information is available. Research findings: Minimal effect on body weight and body fat. Synthetic ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are found in over-the-counter decongestants and cold medicines and are used to treat asthma. Research findings: Possible modest effect on body weight. The authors noted that the weight gain might have occurred by chance because the trial was insufficiently powered to detect this small difference. Compared to placebo, hoodia extract had no significant effect on energy intake or body weight. Caffeine, including caffeine from guarana, kola nut, yerba mate, or other herbs. Safety: Green coffee extract appears to be well tolerated, but its safety has not been rigorously studied. The few studies that assessed the effect of ephedrine support a modest effect of ephedrine plus caffeine on very-short-term (1-2 hours after a single dose) athletic performance in a highly selected physically fit population. The trials lasted from 12 to 13 weeks, and doses of green tea catechins ranged from 141 to 1,207 mg. Several clinical trials of good methodological quality on green tea catechins with and without caffeine. Efficacy: Only a few clinical trials have examined the effects of green coffee bean on weight loss, and all are of poor methodological quality. The herbal supplement also produced a significant increase in mean body weight (1. Coffee beans ( Coffea aribica, Coffea canephora, Coffea robusta ) are green until they are roasted. Their results suggest that green tea catechins alone do not affect body weight or other anthropometric measurements. Research findings: Possible modest effect on body weight. Reported adverse effects: Abdominal discomfort and pain, constipation, diarrhea, loose stools, dyspepsia, and (possibly) adverse effects on blood lipid profiles. Increases feelings of satiety and fullness, prolongs gastric emptying time. For more information about dietary supplement regulation, see the ODS publication, Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know. Hexavalent chromium (chromium IV) is toxic and is not found in food or dietary supplements. Few safety concerns reported with currently available formulations. 96%). Research findings: Little to no effect on body weight. The authors of both reviews stated that longer-term clinical trials with rigorous designs and large samples are needed to determine the value of bitter orange for weight loss. Compared to roasted beans, green coffee beans have higher levels of chlorogenic acid. Several short-term clinical trials of good methodological quality, many of ephedra combined with caffeine. Unlike drugs, dietary supplements do not require premarket review or approval by the FDA. Efficacy: Clinical trials examining the effects of caffeine on weight loss have all been short term and have used combination products. Reported adverse effects: Chest pain, anxiety, and increased blood pressure and heart rate. Studies may also use different and sometimes inappropriate assessment techniques to measure the effectiveness of a given treatment. Complicating the interpretation of many study results is the fact that most weight-loss dietary supplements contain multiple ingredients, making it difficult to isolate the effects of each ingredient and predict the effects of the combination. Research findings: Little to no effect on body weight. 5 kg and percent body fat by 0. Not surprisingly, the amount of scientific information available on these ingredients varies considerably. However, the amount of fat that the chitosan trapped would result in a loss of only 1 pound of body fat over about 7 months. This is especially important for those who have medical conditions, including high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease. The FDA and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) may also take regulatory actions against manufacturers that make unsubstantiated weight-loss claims about their products. However, manufacturers are not required to provide that evidence to the FDA before marketing their products. 95 kg more than placebo. 2 kg), body fat, and percent body fat compared to baseline but no significant changes in lean body mass. Weight-loss dietary supplements contain a wide variety of ingredients. Reported adverse effects: Headache and urinary tract infections. S. Research findings: Insufficient research to draw firm conclusions. As a result of this ruling, manufacturers are no longer permitted to sell dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids in the United States. 9% and 8. CLA might adversely affect lipid profiles, although results from studies are inconsistent. All of these factors can make it difficult to compare the results of one study with another. The caffeine in green coffee beans acts as a stimulant and can cause adverse effects, depending on the dose and whether it is combined with other stimulants (see section on caffeine above). On average, participants gained some weight during the study, but men who increased their caffeine intake during the 12 years of follow-up gained a mean of 0. Caffeine (as added caffeine or from guarana, kola nut, yerba mate, or other herbs). Additional research is needed to better understand its safety and side effects for both short- and long-term use. However, it is unclear whether this toxicity can be attributed to Garcinia cambogia. Green tea and other forms of tea also contain caffeine (see section on green tea ). As alpha-adrenergic agonists, synephrine alkaloids can mimic the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Studied only in combination with pomegranate-seed oil in one trial in humans. Increases lipolysis and fat accumulation, decreases fat absorption. Increases energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation, suppresses adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Efficacy: Several studies have evaluated the effects of chromium supplements, usually in the form of chromium picolinate, on weight loss. Caffeine (either added to a weight-loss supplement or as an herbal source that naturally contains caffeine, such as guarana ( Paullinia cupana ), kola (or cola) nut ( Cola nitida ), and yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis ), is commonly found in dietary supplements promoted for weight loss. Efficacy: The results from clinical trials examining the effects of calcium on body weight have been largely negative. Green tea ( Camellia sinensis ) and green tea extract. 46% when taken at daily doses of 137 to 1,000 mcg for 8 to 26 weeks. Some weight-loss supplement labels do not declare the amount of caffeine in the product, only the herbal ingredients. Reported adverse effects: Abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, nausea, and cramps. Reported adverse effects: Headache, anxiety, agitation, hypertension, and tachycardia. Small clinical trials, mostly of poor methodological quality. 13 kg) compared with placebo (0. Glucomannan is a soluble dietary fiber derived from konjac root ( Amorphophallus konjac ). Two of the three study authors subsequently retracted the journal publication. Few safety concerns reported, could cause allergic reactions. Green tea supplementation reduced body weight by a mean of 0. Use of weight-loss supplements in the United States is fairly common. Reported adverse effects: Nervousness, jitteriness, vomiting, and tachycardia. Several clinical trials of varying methodological quality, mostly focused on effects on lipid and blood glucose levels. Acts as bulking agent in gut, delays gastric emptying, increases feelings of satiety. It is a natural source of the alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. Safety: Products containing bitter orange have significant safety concerns. Because this is the only clinical trial on a dietary supplement containing fucoxanthin, additional research is needed to understand its potential effects on body weight. After 6 months, those in the treatment group lost significantly more weight (mean weight loss 5. However, this increase in body weight did not significantly affect body fat and lean tissue levels or waist circumference. 4 g CLA isomers), or placebo daily for 1 year. These ingredients are listed and discussed in the table and in the text in alphabetical order. Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid that is found in brown seaweed and other algae. Department of Health and Human Services. The authors concluded that chromium reduces body weight by 0. If the FDA finds a supplement to be unsafe, it may remove the product from the market or ask the manufacturer to voluntarily recall the product. 4 kg). Research findings: Insufficient research to draw firm conclusions. The authors found that chromium picolinate supplementation reduced body weight by 1. Reported adverse effects: Loose stools, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal discomfort. At the end of the study, those in the treatment group lost a mean of 1 kg body weight compared to a mean weight gain of 1. The FDA no longer permits the use of ephedra in dietary supplements because of safety concerns that are detailed below, but information is provided here due to continued interest in this ingredient. So it is important to consider what is known—and not known—about each ingredient in any dietary supplement before using it. Chitosan is a polysaccharide derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans.
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